Lumbar muscle strains: Strains of the muscles in the lower back are by far and away the most common cause of back pain, and most of the back pain problems that we have already considered in this report would probably fall into this category.
A muscle strain is a rip or a tear in the muscle fibers that is caused by sudden force. Consequently, whilst there may be a single, sudden cause of such a strain, it is equally possible that there will be no single event upon which you can blame your condition. You could have strained your lumbar muscles lifting something that was too heavy or lifting it in the incorrect manner, but you could equally have caused the condition by
sitting in a chair or even lying in your bed in an awkward manner. The good news is, lumbar muscle strains will almost certainly go away quickly, and you will not necessarily be any more prone to a repeat ‘attacks’ after the strain has cleared up than is anyone else.
Alternatively, it is relatively common to suffer a back sprain, which is caused by an overstretching of one or more of the ligaments in your back. Whilst strains and sprains are therefore different conditions, they are generally treated in the same way when it comes to alleviating the pain caused by either condition.
Disc problems: The human spine runs down the centre of the back from the skull to the pelvis, and is comprised of 33 individual vertebrae. These vertebrae are categorized into four different groups as indicated in the screenshot:
In between each of these individual vertebrae you will find a small disc which is made up of a tough outer coating (the annulus), and a gel-like central interior (the nucleus pulposus). These discs are designed to act
as ‘shock absorbers’ between each of the vertebrae which in turn enables your spine to flex, bend and move in a controlled manner while not causing you any discomfort or pain (under normal circumstances).
Quite clearly however, if any of the ‘shock absorbing’ discs have a problem, then the vertebrae of your spine are likely to knock together or jar one another, and this will often cause a great deal of pain. One disc related condition that you may suffer from is a slipped disc.
This happens when the soft gel like interior of the disc pushes itself out through the tough outer coating – with two possible results, either of which may (but may not) cause you pain. Firstly, you no longer have a
‘shock absorber’ between your vertebrae, and secondly, the escaped gel-like substance may put additional pressure on your spinal-cord or the nerve cells in that area, in which case, you will undoubtedly feel a great deal of pain.
However, it is important to note that, whether you feel pain or not, if the nucleus pulposus has escaped from a disc in your spine, then you have a slipped disc, irrespective of whether there is any pain or not.
Sometimes, you will suffer what is known as a ruptured (or herniated) disk which is pretty much the same as happens with a slipped disc.
However, the phrase is most commonly used in connection with the lumbar and cervical vertebrae, primarily the former. These are the five vertebrae that do most of the supporting work of the spine, and consequently the pressure on these particular vertebrae is considerable.
Again, you have a ruptured lumber disc when the soft gel-like substance from inside the disc escapes through the tough outer coating of the disc. As we get older, the discs in our spine become less pliable, so it therefore becomes increasingly likely that you will suffer a slipped or ruptured disc.
Sciatica: Sciatica is another relatively common form of back pain. This is a term that is used to describe a pain that not only affects the lower back, but also stretches down into the buttocks and legs. It results from irritation or overstimulation of a large nerve in the spinal column known as the sciatic nerve. Because sciatica is a pain that is associated with irritation of a particular nerve, it is a condition that can accompany other less serious back problems like muscle strains and ligament sprains.
Spinal stenosis: This is another condition that is associated with getting older. The spinal column itself can become more restrictive as a result of a condition like arthritis, and as a result it can put pressure on the spinal cord or surrounding nerves. In this case, pain is the almost inevitable result.
Osteoporosis: This is another condition that is generally associated with the ageing process, one in which the bones throughout the body get continually weaker due to reduced levels of calcium. Consequently,because the bones are gradually weakening, it is not uncommon to find osteoporosis has caused compression fractures of the vertebrae, particularly in older women.
Lumbar spine arthritis: Although it is likely that you are most familiar with arthritis as a medical condition that mainly affects external parts of the body such as the fingers, hands and toes, it is a fact that arthritis can attack any bone and joint in the body. Consequently, arthritis can attack the joints in the spine, making almost any kind of movement a very painful process.
Spondylolisthesis: When adjacent vertebrae in the spine become unstable because of a general degenerative condition in that area of the body, individual vertebrae can begin to shift their positions relative to one another. In this scenario, it is always possible that individual vertebrae will start grinding or rubbing against one another, and this will cause a great deal of back pain.
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